The China Reader

Table Of Contents

Introduction by Orville Schell and David Shambaugh: Reforming China


POLITICS

1. Inner Party Politics

From Mao to Deng
Michel Oksenberg and Richard Bush: China’s Political Evolution, 1972—1982
Communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
Deng Xiaoping: Answers to the Italian Journalist Oriana Fallaci
Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

Radical Reform
Zhao Ziyang: Advance Along the Road of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

The Tiananmen Crisis
Chen Xitong: Report on Checking the Turmoil and Quelling the Counterrevolutionary Rebellion
Deng Xiaoping: Speech to Officers at the Corps Level and Above from the Martial Law Enforcement Troops in Beijing

Politics in the Nineties
Michael D. Swaine: China Faces the 1990s–A System Crisis
Anonymous: The Ten-Thousand-Character Manifesto

China After Deng
Ellis Joffe: Ruling China After Deng

2. Outer Party Politics

Democracy Wall
Orville Schell: The Democracy Wall Movement
Wei Jingsheng: Democracy: The Fifth Modernization

Student Demonstrations of 1986-87
Fang Lizhi: Democracy, Reform, and Modernization
Deng Xiaoping: Taking a Clear-Cut Stand Against Bourgeois Liberalization

The Tiananmen Square Demonstrations and the Beijing Massacre
Orville Schell: China’s Spring
1989 Wall Posters
A Hunger Strike Manifesto
Yang Jianli: The Beijing Massacre
Ding Zilin: Who They Were

EDUCATION, MEDIA, AND CULTURE

3. Education and Research
Deng Xiaoping: Speech at the National Conference on Education
Geremie Barme: A Small Matter of Truth

4. Media
Allison Jernow: The Press in the 1980s: Testing New Ground
Seth Faison: The Press During the 1989 Demonstrations
Orville Schell: The Second Channel
The Battle for Cyberspace

5. Culture
High Culture
Orville Schell: The Reemergence of the Realm of the Private
Religion Must Serve the State
Hong Ying: Summer of Betrayal
Low Culture
Orville Schell: Shake, Rattle and Roll
Sang Ye: Computer Insects

THE ECONOMY

6. Building an Economic Superpower
Barry Naughton: The Pattern and Logic of China’s Economic Reform
Hang-Sheng Cheng: A Midcourse Assessment of China’s Economic Reform
Anthony Y.C. Koo and K.C. Yeh: The Impact of Township, Village, and Private Enterprises’ Growth on State Enterprises Reform: Three Regional Case Studies
Frederick Crook: Grain Galore

SOCIETY

7. The Social Consequences of Reform
Rich and Poor
Antoine Kernen: Out of Work in the State Sector
Patrick Tyler: Rural Poverty
The Floating Population
Cheng Li: 200 Million Mouths Too Many: China’s Surplus Rural Labor
People’s Daily Commentator: Strengthening Management over the Floating Population
The Environment
Mark Hertsgaard: Our Real China Problem
The World Bank: China’s Environment in the New Century
Crime
Angelina Malhotra: Shangai’s Dark Side
Patrick Tyler: Crime (and Punishment) Rages Anew in China

8. The Rule of Law, Rights, and Prisons
Andrew Nathan: Getting Human Rights Right
Yi Ding: Opposing Interference in Other Countries’ Internal Affairs Through Human Rights
Xu Liangying: Chinese Officialdom’s Miraculous and Unique Conception of Human Rights
Wang Yu and Liu Gang: Stalwart Resistance

SECURITY AND FOREIGN RELATIONS

9. The Military
David Shambaugh: China’s Military: Real or Paper Tiger?

10. China and the World
Samuel S. Kim: China As a Great Power
Liu Huaqiu: Strive for a Peaceful International Environment
David Shambaugh: The United States and China: Cooperation or Confrontation?
William Jefferson Clinton: China and the National Interest

11. Greater China
The Dalai Lama on China, Hatred, and Optimism
The Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong
Jiang Zemin: Continue to Promote the Reunification of China

WHITHER CHINA?

12. China Faces the 21st Century
Michel C. Oksenberg, Michael D. Swaine, and Daniel C. Lynch: The Chinese Future
Conclusion: The Legacy of Reform