Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages

Table Of Contents

Preface
List of Abbreviations

1. Church and Society

2. The Divisions of Time
I. The Primitive Age, c. 700-c. 1050

II. The Age of Growth, c. 1050-c. 1300
The main development
The rise and limits of clerical supremacy
The positive achievement

III. The Age of Unrest, c. 1300-c. 1550
The changing environment
Political change and reaction

3. The Divisions of Christendom
I. The Seeds of Disunity
Divergent habits
Political separation
Doctrinal differences

II. The Two Churches

III. The Search for Reunion
The military way
The political package deal
The way of understanding
Regression

4. The Papacy
I. The Primitive Age, c. 700-c. 1050
The Vicar of St. Peter
The supreme temporal lord

II. The Age of Growth, c. 1050-c. 1300
The Vicar of Christ
The growth of business
The primacy and temporal power
The lawyer-popes

III. The Inflationary Spiral, c. 1300-c. 1520
Indulgences
International politics
The struggle for benefices

5. Bishops and Archbishops
I. The Carolingian Church Order and Its Break-Up
The formation of a bishop
The break-up of the Carolingian ideal

II. Bishops in the Service of the Pope
An archbishop in northern France
An archbishop in England
A bishop in Germany
An episcopal family in northern Italy

6. The Religious Orders
I. The Benedictines
The Rule
The centuries of greatness
Change and decay

II. The New Orders
The Augustinian canons
The Cistercians

III. The Friars
The environment
Aims and origins
Growth and achievement

7. Fringe Orders and Anti-Orders
I. The General Environment
The behaviour of crowds
The influence of women in religious life

II. A Confusion of Tongues
The beguines of Cologne
The religious brethren of Deventer and its neighbourhood

Epilogue
List of Popes, 590-153Index